THE VERDICT
The Case of the Trotskyite-Zinovievite Terrorist Centre
Heard Before the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the U.S.S.R.
August 19-24, 1936 (Moscow)
On August 24, at 2:30 p. m., the president, Comrade Ulrich, reads the verdict.
THE VERDICT
In the name of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the U.S.S.R., consisting of:
President: the President of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the U.S.S.R., Army Military Jurist, Comrade V. V. Ulrich;
Members: the Vice-Presidents of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the U.S.S.R., Army Corps Military Jurist, Comrade I. L. Matulevich, and Divisional Military Jurist, Comrade I. T. Nikitchenko;
State Prosecution being represented by the State Attorney of the U.S.S.R., Comrade A. Y. Vyshinsky, in an open court session in the city of Moscow, on August 19-24, 1936 heard the case against:
1. Zinoviev, Grigori Evseyevich, born 1883, employee, sentenced on January 16, 1935, in the Zinovievite "Moscow centre" case to imprisonment for ten years in accordance with Articles 17 and 588 of the Criminal Code of the R.S.F.S.R.;
2. Kamenev, Lev Borisovich, born 1883, employee, sentenced on January 16, 1935 in the Zinovievite "Moscow centre" case to imprisonment for five years, in accordance with Articles 17 and 588 of the Criminal Code of the R.S.F.S.R., and again sentenced on July 27, 1935, to imprisonment for ten years, in accordance with Articles 17 and 588 of the Criminal Code of the R.S.F.S.R.;
3. Evdokimov, Grigori Eremeyevich, born 1884, employee, sentenced on January 16, 1935, in the Zinovievite "Moscow centre" case to imprisonment for eight years in accordance with Articles 17 and 588 of the Criminal Code of the R.S.F.S.R.;
4. Bakayev, Ivan Petrovich, born 1887, employee, sentenced on January 16, 1935 in the Zinovievite "Moscow centre" case to imprisonment for eight years in accordance with Articles 17 and 588 of the Criminal Code of the R.S.F.S.R.;
5. Mrachkovsky, Sergei Vitalievich, born 1883, employee;
6. Ter-Vaganyan, Vagarshak Arutyunovich, born 1893, employee;
7. Smirnov, Ivan Nikitich, born 1880, employee all seven being charged with having committed crimes covered by Articles 588 and 5811 of the Criminal Code of the R.S.F.S.R.
8. Dreitzer, Ephim Alexandrovich, born 1894, employee;
9. Reingold, Isak Isayevich, born 1897, employee;
10. Pickel, Richard Vitoldovich, born 1896, employee;
11. Holtzman, Eduard Solomonovich, born 1882, employee;
12. Fritz David, alias Kruglyansky, Ilya-David Israilevich, born 1897, employee;
13. Olberg, Valentine Pavlovich, born 1907, employee;
14. Berman-Yurin, Konon Borisovich, alias Alexander Fomich, born 1901, employee;
15. Lurye, Moissei Ilyich, alias Emel, Alexander, born 1897, employee;
16. Lurye, Nathan Lazarevich, born 1901, employee all being charged with having committed crimes covered by Articles 19 and 588, 5811 of the Criminal Code of the R.S.F.S.R.
The preliminary and court investigations have established that:
In the autumn of 1932, on the instructions of L. Trotsky received by I. N. Smirnov, leader of the Trotskyite underground organization in the U.S.S.R., a union took place between the Trotskyite and Zinovievite underground counter-revolutionary groups which formed a "united centre" consisting of Zinoviev, Kamenev, Evdokimov and Bakayev (representing the Zinovievites), and of Smirnov, Ter-Vaganyan and Mrachkovsky (representing the Trotskyites).
The union of these counter-revolutionary groups was achieved on the basis of the use of individual terror against the leaders of the C.P.S.U. and the Soviet Government.
The Trotskyites and Zinovievites, on the direct instructions of Trotsky, received by the "united centre" through the accused Smirnov, Holtzman and Dreitzer, in this period (1932-36) concentrated all their hostile activities against the Soviet Government and the C.P.S.U. on the organization of terror against their leaders.
The Court has established that the "united centre," on the direct instructions of L. Trotsky and Zinoviev, organized and carried out on December 1, 1934, through the medium of the underground terrorist Leningrad Zinovievite group of Nikolayev-Kotolynov, the foul murder of the member of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the U.S.S.R. and member of the Central Committee of the C.P.S.U., Comrade Sergei Mironovich Kirov.
Not confining themselves to the assassination of Comrade Kirov, the Trotskyite-Zinovievite centre prepared a number of terroristic acts agains Comrades Stalin, Voroshilov, Zhdanov, L. M. Kaganovich, Orjonikidze, Kossior and Postyshev.
The materials of the court investigation and the confessions of the accused Zinoviev, Kamenev, Evdokimov, Bakayev, Mrachkovsky and Dreitzer have established that L. Trotsky, from abroad, and Zinoviev within the country, expedited by every means the preparations for the murder of Comrade S. M. Kirov. For the purpose of expediting the murder of Comrade S. M. Kirov, Kamenev, in June 1934, on the instructions of the united Trotskyite-Zinovievite centre went to Leningrad where he conducted negotiations with the leader of one of the Leningrad terrorist groups, Yakovlev, whose case has been set aside for a separate trial, about the organization of this terroristic act against Comrade Kirov.
The Court has also established that on the instructions of the "united cetre" the accused Bakayev, in November 1934, also made a special journey to Leningrad to check up on the preparedness of the Leningrad terrorist group of Nikolayev-Kotolynov for the carrying out of the assassination of Comrade Kirov. At a secret meeting of the members of this Leningrad terrorist group, Bakayev heard the report of Leonid Nikolayev, the murderer of Comrade Kirov, and in the name of the united Trotskyite-Zinovievite centre, gave him and his accomplices a number of practical instructions concerning the organization of the assassination of Comrade S. M. Kirov. It was in conformity with these instructions that L. Nikolayev and his accomplices committed the foul murder of Comrade S. M. Kirov on December 1, 1934.
The Court has also established that in 1934, the accused Bakayev, Reingold and Dreitzer, in accordance with the decisions of the "united centre," twise tried to make an attempt on the life of Comrade Stalin.
In order the more successfully to commit the terroristic acts planned by the "united centre" it organized in 1933 in the city of Moscow, the so-called "Moscow terrorist centre," consisting of the accused Reingold, Pickel and Dreitzer, under the direct guidance of the accused Bakayev, a member of the "united centre."
The "united centre" instructed the accused Bakayev to make practical preparations for the assassination of Comrades Stalin and Kirov, and it instructed Dreitzer, a member of the "Moscow terrorist centre" to organize a terroristic act against Comrade Voroshilov.
Not confining himself to the organization of a number of terroristic acts against the leaders of the Soviet Government and the C.P.S.U. under the immediate direction of the "united centre," L. Trotsky, in the period of 1932-36, was systematically sending a number of terrorists into the U.S.S.R. from abroad for the same purpose.
In November 1932, L. Trotsky sent to the U.S.S.R. Berman-Yurin and Fritz David; and before leaving, the latter received from L. Trotsky personal instructions with regard to the organization of the assassination of Comrade Stalin.
In the same year, 1932, L. Trotsky sent to Moscow from Berlin the terrorist Nathan Lurye. In conjunction with Franz Weitz, agent of the Gestapo and a person trusted by Himmler, now chief of the Gestapo (Franz Weitz was then living in Moscow under the guise of a foreign specialist), Nathan Lurye made preparations for attempts on the lives of Comrades Stalin, Voroshilov, Kaganovich and Orjonikidze.
In the winter of 1932-33, after the departure of Franz Weitz from Moscow, Nathan Lurye and his terrorist group continued the preparation of these terroristic acts jointly with the accused Moissei Lurye who arrived in Moscow from Berlin in 1933, and who had also received from Trotsky instructions to expedite terroristic acts against the leaders of the Soviet Government and the C.P.S.U.
In 1934, while at Chelyabstroi, Nathan Lurye tried to make an attempt on the lives of Comrades Kaganovich and Orjonikidze. Finally, the said Nathan Lurye, on May 1, 1936, on the instruction of, and by previous agreement with, Moissei Lurye, tried to make an attempt on the life of Comrade Zhdanov during the First of May demonstration in Leningrad.
In the summer of 1935, L. Trotsky, through his son L. Sedov,sent to the U.S.S.R. from Berlin the terrorist V. Olberg who used a false passport issued in the name of a subject of the Republic of Honduras. V. Olberg obtained this passport with the aid of the German secret police, the Gestapo, having first received the consent of L. Trotsky, through the latter's son Sedov, to utilize the assistance of the German secret police in this matter.
On arriving in the U.S.S.R., V. Olberg established contact with the counter-revolutionary Trotskyite terrorist group in the city of Gorki, and trained a number of terrorists who were to commit a terroristic act against the leaders of the Soviet Government and the C.P.S.U. in the Red Square in Moscow on May 1, 1936.
The court investigation has also established that simultaneously with the preparation of terroristic acts against Comrades Stalin, Voroshilov, Zhdanov, Kaganovich and Orjonikidze, the Trotskyite-Zinovievite terrorist centre made preparations for terroristic acts against Comrades Kossior and Postyshev through the medium of the Ukrainian terrorist group operating under the direction of the Trotskyite Mukhin, whose case has been set aside for separate trial.
Thus it is established that:
1) G. E. Zinoviev;
2) L. B. Kamenev;
3) G. E. Evdokimov;
4) I. P. Bakayev;
5) S. V. Mrachkovsky;
6) V. A. Ter-Vaganyan; and
7) I. N. Smirnov
are guilty of:
a) Having organized the united Trotskyite-Zinovievite terrorist centre for the purpose of assassinating the leaders of the Soviet Government and of the C.P.S.U.,
b) Having prepared, and on December 1, 1934, perpetrated the foul murder of Comrade S. M. Kirov through the medium of the Leningrad underground terrorist group of Nikolayev-Kotolynov and others sentenced on December 29, 1934, by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the U.S.S.R.,
c) Having organized a number of terrorist groups who made preparations to assassinate Comrades Stalin, Voroshilov, Zhdanov, Kakanovich, Orjonikidze, Kossior and Postyshev - i.e., crimes covered by Articles 58 and 58 of the Criminal Code of the R.S.F.S.R.
8) E. A. Dreitzer;
9) I. I. Reingold;
10) R. V. Pickel;
11) E. S. Holtzman;
12) Fritz David (Kruglyansky, Ilya-David Israilevich);
13) V. P. Olberg;
14) K. B. Berman-Yurin;
15) M. I. Lurye (Emel, Alexander) and
16) N. L. Lurye
are guilty of having been, while members of the underground counter-revolutionary terrorist Trotskyite-Zinovievite organization, active participants in the preparations for the assassination of the leaders of the Party and the Government, Comrades Stalin, Voroshilov, Zhdanov, Kaganovich, Orjonikidze, Kossior and Postyshev, i.e., crimes covered by Articles 19 and 588, 5811 of the Criminal Code of the R.S.F.S.R.
On the basis of the above, and guided by Articles 319 and 320 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the R.S.F.S.R., the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the U.S.S.R.
Sentences:
1) Zinoviev, Grigori Evseyevich
2) Kamenev, Lev Borisovich
3) Evdokimov, Grigori Eremeyevich
4) Bakayev, Ivan Petrovich
5) Mrachkovsky, Sergei Vitalevich
6) Ter-Vaganyan, Vagarshak Arutyunovich
7) Smirnov, Ivan Nikitich
8) Dreitzer, Ephim Alexandrovich
9) Reingold, Isak Isayevich
10) Pickel, Richard Vitoldovich
11) Holtzman, Edouard Solomonovich
12) Fritz David (Kruglyansky, Ilya-David Israilevich)
13) Olberg, Valentine Pavlovich
14) Berman-Yurin, Konon Borisovich
15) Lurye, Moissei Ilyich (Emel, Alexander) and
16) Lurye, Nathan Lazarevich
all to the supreme penalty - to be shot, and all property personally belonging to them to be confiscated.
Lev Davidovich Trotsky, and his son, Lev Lvovich Sedov, now abroad convicted by the evidence of the accused I. N. Smirnov, E. S. Holtzman, Dreitzer, V. Olberg, Fritz David (I. I. Kruglyansky) and Berman-Yurin, and also by the materials in the present case as having directly prepared and personally directed the organization in the U.S.S.R. of terroristic acts against the leaders of the C.P.S.U. and the Soviet State, are subject, in the event of their being discovered on the territory of the U.S.S.R., to immediate arrest and trial by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the U.S.S.R.
Presiding: [Signed]
V.V. ULRICHPresident of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the U.S.S.R.; Army Military Jurist
Members of the Court: [Signed]
I. MATULEVICH Vice-President of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the U.S.S.R.; Army Corps Military Jurist
I. NIKITCHENKO Vice-President of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the U.S.S.R.; Divisional Military Jurist
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