To the case of Lenin and others
The prosecutor of the Petrograd Trial Chamber told the press the following information, which served as the basis for involving Lenin and others in the judicial investigation.
According to these data, Ensign Semashko was the leader of the July 3 uprising and its initiator. He had finished machine gun courses a month and in April had to go with a machine gun company to the front, but he didn’t execute this order without permission and continued to appear in the regiment. Under the leadership of Semashko, the 1st machine-gun regiment at 10 pm on July 3 left the barracks and headed for the Tauride Palace, where Zinoviev and Trotsky addressed him with speeches. The next day, July 4, Warrant Officer Semashko came to the regiment with sailors and workers and began to encourage his comrades with weapons and machine guns to go to demand the overthrow of the government.
On July 3, Midshipman Ilyin, calling himself Raskolnikov, arrived from Petrograd to Kronstadt with some delegates from the machine gun regiment and spoke at a rally on Yakornaya Square, calling for an armed speech in Petrograd to overthrow the Provisional Government and transfer all power to the Soviets of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies. That evening, the executive committee of the Council of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies of the city of Kronstadt met under the chairmanship of Raskolnikov, who passed a resolution to gather at 6 am all military units on Yakornaya Square with weapons in their hands, and then go to Petrograd and, together with the troops of the Petrograd garrison, carry out an armed demonstration under the slogans: "All power is in the hands of the Soviets of workers 'and soldiers' deputies."
This decree, signed by Raskolnikov that same night, on behalf of the head of all sea parts of the city of Kronstadt, was sent to all land and sea parts of the city. At this beep, soldiers, sailors, workers armed with rifles, on July 4, began to gather in Yakornaya Square, where Raskolnikov and Roshal made speeches on the rostrum with an appeal for armed intervention. Here, ammunition was distributed to the assembled.
The leaders of this speech were Raskolnikov and Roshal. The number of people participating in the speech 6. to about 5 thousand people. Having landed at about 11 o’clock at the Nikolaevsky bridge, they all lined up in a convoy and, under the guidance of those same persons, moved to the house of Kshesinskaya. Soon there, Lunacharsky first appeared on the balcony, and then Lenin, who greeted the Kronstadt as “the beauty and pride of the revolution”, called on to go to the Tauride Palace and demand the overthrow of the capitalist ministers and transfer of all power to the Council of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies, and Lenin said that, in case of refusal from this, orders should be expected from the Central Committee.
During Lenin's speech, one of the Kronstadt residents shouted to him: “Comrade, it’s enough to feed us with just words, lead us there and then why they called us”, after which an order was given to go to the Tauride Palace along the route indicated by Raskolnikov and Roshal. On the way to Liteiny Prospect, a shootout was opened, which lasted about an hour and entailed numerous casualties. These units approached the Tauride Palace with excitement ^ and tried to arrest some of the ministers who were taking part in the meeting at the Tauride Palace and the (Executive) Committee of the Council of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies.
A military organization under the Central Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party gave a written order to send any cruiser to Kronstadt ... The investigation revealed that the armed uprising was preceded by systematic rallies in military units, at which speeches were made that called for troops to rise. During April - May and June, regimental rallies of the machine gun regiment visited and acted as speakers Kollontai and ensign Semashko: they called for the soldier not to send Marching companies to the front, not to obey the decisions of the regimental committees to send soldiers to the front, to overthrow the Provisional Government and in this way achieve the transfer of all power to the Council of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies. These calls had such an effect on the soldiers that they came out of all obedience not only to the leaders,
An investigation into the fact of the armed uprising that took place on July 3-5 in Petrograd with the aim of overthrowing the Provisional Government, and the circumstances under which this uprising took place, showed that it arose and proceeded according to the instructions of the Central Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party ...
All the guidelines came from the house of Kshesinskaya, called by witnesses the house of Lenin, where the Central Committee was located.
Forms were found in the house of Kshesinskaya. Military Organization under the Central Committee of the Social Democratic Labor Party. On exactly the same forms, written instructions were given to the military units about armed uprising ... In addition, there were also found:
1) notes on the distribution of military units and “armed workers” by district ...
2) resolution adopted at a meeting of the citywide conference of the Russian S.-D. Workers' Party and delegates from factories and military units on July 3 at II h. 40 min. in the evening. The resolution of this recommends: immediate appearance on the street in order to demonstrate the identification of their will. This resolution was confirmed by the Central Committee and the Military Organization;
3) a telegram from Stockholm on April 20 addressed to Ulyanov (Lenin) signed by Ganetsky (Furstenberg): “Steinberg will trouble the subsidy for our society, I’m sure to ask you to control his activity, because there is absolutely no social tact ”;
4) the literature of the Union of the Russian People and a large number of letters from the publication of the Spider magazine depicting the ritual murder in Hungary in 1882 ....
1) notes on the distribution of military units and “armed workers” by district ...
2) resolution adopted at a meeting of the citywide conference of the Russian S.-D. Workers' Party and delegates from factories and military units on July 3 at II h. 40 min. in the evening. The resolution of this recommends: immediate appearance on the street in order to demonstrate the identification of their will. This resolution was confirmed by the Central Committee and the Military Organization;
3) a telegram from Stockholm on April 20 addressed to Ulyanov (Lenin) signed by Ganetsky (Furstenberg): “Steinberg will trouble the subsidy for our society, I’m sure to ask you to control his activity, because there is absolutely no social tact ”;
4) the literature of the Union of the Russian People and a large number of letters from the publication of the Spider magazine depicting the ritual murder in Hungary in 1882 ....
At the same time, the investigation established that some people who had ties with the Bolshevik organization had relations with the German headquarters ...
In the study of all these issues, the commission of inquiry did not touch on the political platforms of the persons involved in the case and stands solely on the basis of a study of the composition of the general criminal act and the sufficiency of the grounds for attracting the accused ...
Proceedings of the Petrograd Soviet. 1917. July 22
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