On measures to eliminate kulak farms in areas of complete collectivization.
Archive: RGASPI. F. 17. Op. 162.D. 8.L. 64-69.
Appendix No. 2-OP to p. 36 (o. p.) pr. PB No. 116.
Top secret.
On measures to eliminate kulak farms in areas of complete collectivization.
( Approved by the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on January 30, 1930 ).
I.
Proceeding from the policy of liquidating the kulaks as a class and in connection with this from the need to carry out in the most organized way the process of liquidating the kulak farms that began in the areas of complete collectivization and decisively suppress the attempts of counter-revolutionary opposition of the kulaks to the collective farm movement of the peasant masses and recognizing the urgency of these measures in connection with the approaching agricultural campaign , The Central Committee decides:
In areas of complete collectivization, carry out immediately, and in other areas as the actual massive deployment of collectivization, the following measures:
1 . To abolish in areas of complete collectivization in relation to individual peasant farms the effect of laws on land lease and the use of hired labor in agriculture (Sections 7 and 8 of the General Principles of Land Use and Land Management). Exceptions to this rule in relation to middle peasant farms should be regulated by the district executive committees under the direction and control of the regional executive committee.
2 . To confiscate the means of production, livestock, household and residential buildings, processing plants, fodder and seed supplies from the kulaks of these regions.
3 . At the same time, in order to decisively undermine the influence of the kulaks on individual strata of the poor and middle peasantry and unconditionally suppress any attempts of counter-revolutionary opposition on the part of the kulaks to the measures carried out by the Soviet government and collective farms, take the following measures against the kulaks:
a) the first category - to immediately liquidate the counter-revolutionary kulak activists by imprisonment in concentration camps, without stopping in relation to the organizers of terrorist acts, counter-revolutionary uprisings and insurgent organizations before applying the highest measure of repression;
b) the second category should be made up of the remaining elements of the kulak activists, especially from the richest kulaks and semi-landowners, who are subject to expulsion to remote areas of the USSR and within a given region to remote areas of the region;
c) the third category includes the kulaks left within the district, which are subject to resettlement on new plots assigned to them outside of collective farms.
4 . The number of kulak farms liquidated for each of the three categories should be strictly differentiated by district, depending on the actual number of kulak farms in the district, so that the total number of liquidated farms in all main districts is on average approximately 3-5% . This instruction (3-5%) is intended to focus the blow on the really kulak farms and unconditionally prevent the spread of these measures to any part of the middle peasant farms.
The families of the Red Army soldiers and the command staff of the Red Army are not subject to eviction and confiscation of property. As for the kulaks. whose family members have been working in factories and plants for a long time, a particularly cautious approach should be taken to ascertain the situation of the relevant persons not only in the countryside, but also with the corresponding factory organizations.
II. About the expulsion and resettlement of kulaks.
As activities for the near future, carry out the following:
1 . Propose to the OGPU repressive measures against the first and second categories of kulaks to be carried out within the next four months (February-May), based on an approximate calculation - to send 60,000 kulaks to concentration camps and subject them to eviction to remote areas - 150,000 kulaks; to attend to the adoption of all measures to ensure that by April 15 these measures have been carried out in relation to, in any case, not less than half of the indicated number. The implementation of these measures should be made dependent on the rate of collectivization of individual regions of the USSR and agreed with the regional committees.
2 . Family members of the kulaks, deported and imprisoned in concentration camps, may, if they wish and with the consent of local district executive committees, remain temporarily or permanently in the former district (okrug).
3. Roughly, in accordance with the given places, establish the following distribution of prisoners in the camps for proper expulsion by regions :
Concentration camp | Expulsion | |
Middle Volga | 3-4 thous. | 8-10 thous. |
North. Caucasus and Dagestan | 6-8 thous. | 20 thous. |
Ukraine | 15 thous. | 30-35 thousand |
Ts.CH.O. | 3-5 thous. | 10-15 thousand |
Lower Volga | 4-6 thousand | 10-12 thousand |
Byelorussia | 4-5 thous. | 6-7 thousand |
Ural | 4-5 thous. | 10-15 thousand |
Siberia | 5-6 thousand | 25 thous. |
Kazakstan | 5-6 thousand | 10-15 thousand |
In relation to the rest of the regions and republics, a similar outline should be instructed to be made by the OGPU in agreement with the corresponding regional committees and the Central Committee of the CPSU (b).
4 . Deportation to the districts of the Northern Territory - 70 thousand families, Siberia - 50 thousand families, the Urals - 20-25 thousand families, Kazakstan - 20-25 thousand. or trades (timber, fish, etc.).
The sent bags are subject to resettlement in these areas in small villages, which are governed by appointed commandants.
5 . The deported and resettled kulaks, upon confiscation of their property, should be left only with the most necessary household items, some elementary means of production in accordance with the nature of their work in a new place, and the minimum food supplies necessary for the first time. The funds of the expelled kulaks are also confiscated, leaving, however, in the hands of the kulak a certain minimum amount (up to 500 rubles per family) necessary for travel and arrangement on the spot.
6 . In relation to kulak farms that are left in place with the allotment of new plots to them outside the collective farm fields, be guided by the following:
a) the district executive committees should indicate the places of resettlement so that settlement in the designated areas is allowed only in small settlements, which are managed by special committees (troika) or authorized, appointed by the district executive committees and approved by the regional executive committees;
b) the means of production are left to the resettled kulaks of this category in the amounts that are minimum necessary for running the economy on the newly assigned plots;
c) the resettled are assigned certain production tasks in agriculture and the obligation to deliver marketable products to state and cooperative bodies;
d) the regional executive committees urgently work out the issue of how to use the resettled kulaks as a labor force in special labor brigades and colonies for logging, road, land reclamation and other works;
e) in relation to kulak families, evicted from the districts, it is necessary, in particular, to bear in mind the possibility of their stratification, with the opposition - where possible - of individual elements of youth to the rest of the kulaks. In this case, methods such as collecting subscriptions to newspapers and literature, creating libraries, organizing common canteens for other cultural and social events should be used. Consider it possible in some cases to attract certain groups of young people to volunteer work for local councils, to serve the poor, etc., as well as the creation of a special type of production artels and agricultural associations, for example, in connection with construction and land reclamation works, as well as with afforestation, forest clearing, etc.
7 . Lists of kulak farms (second category), evicted to remote areas, are established by the district executive committees on the basis of decisions of collective farmers 'meetings, farm laborers' meetings and are approved by the regional executive committees. The order of resettlement of the remaining kulak farms (third category) is established by the okrug executive committees.
III. On confiscation and disposal of confiscated property.
1 . The confiscation of the property of the kulaks is carried out by specially authorized representatives of the district executive committees with the obligatory participation of the village council, representatives of collective farms, farm laborers' groups and farm laborers.
2 . During confiscation, an accurate inventory and assessment of the confiscated property is made, with the assignment of responsibility to the village councils for the complete safety of the confiscated property.
3 . The means of production and property confiscated from the kulaks are transferred by the RIKs to the collective farms as a contribution of the poor and farm laborers with the crediting of the confiscated to the indivisible fund of collective farms with full repayment from the confiscated property of the obligations (debts) owed from the liquidated kulak economy to the state and cooperative bodies.
4 . Collective farms receiving land and confiscated property must ensure the complete sowing of the transferred land and the delivery of all marketable products to the state .
5 . The confiscated dwelling kulak buildings are used for the public needs of the village councils and collective farms, or for the hostels of farm laborers joining collective farms and not having their own homes.
6 . Savings books and bonds of state loans of kulaks of all three categories are selected and entered into the inventory with the issuance of a receipt for sending them for storage to the relevant bodies of the People's Commissariat of Finance. Any payment of contributions to the savings banks to the evicted kulak farms, as well as the issuance of loans secured by bonds in areas of complete collectivization, are definitely terminated.
7 . Shares and contributions of kulaks of all three categories in cooperative associations are transferred to the fund for collectivizing the poor and agricultural laborers, and their owner is excluded from all types of cooperation.
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Making real decisions regarding the liquidation of kulak farms in areas of complete collectivization, the Central Committee categorically indicates that the implementation of these measures should be in organic connection with a truly massive collective farm movement of the poor and middle peasants and be an inseparable part ofprocess of continuous collectivization. The Central Committee resolutely warns against the facts existing in some regions of replacing the work of mass collectivization with naked dispossession. Only in combination with the broadest organization of the poor peasants and farm laborers and with the rallying of the poor and middle peasants on the basis of collectivization, the necessary administrative measures for dispossession of kulaks can lead to a successful solution of the tasks set by the party in relation to the socialist reorganization of the countryside and the elimination of the kulaks.
The Central Committee emphasizes that all these measures should be carried out on the basis of the maximum deployment of the initiative and activity of broad collective farms, primarily the poor laborers, and with their support. Decisions on the confiscation of kulak property and the eviction of the kulaks must be preceded by decisions of the general meeting of collective farm members and the meeting of farm laborers and the poor. Warning against underestimation of the difficulties associated with the implementation of these measures and demanding from local organizations to take all measures for the most organized their implementation, the Central Committee obliges the regional committees and national. To establish the Central Committee, not in words, but in deeds, constant leadership over the implementation of the present decisions.
IV. Special regulations.
1 . To help local party organizations to carry out the above measures, the Central Committee decides to mobilize for 4 months from industrial regions (Moscow, Leningrad, Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Nizhny Novgorod, Kharkov-Donbass, etc.) 2,500 party members not lower than the district scale. The mobilized must leave for the field no later than February 20.
2 . To grant the OGPU the right, during this campaign, to delegate its powers for extrajudicial consideration of the cases of the PP of the OGPU in the regions. In these cases, the consideration of cases is carried out jointly with representatives of the regional committees of the CPSU (b) and the prosecutor's office.
3 . For the current budget year 1929/30, increase the staff of the OGPU by 800 people. authorized with the release of funds necessary for this to service those administrative regions where there are no such authorized. The OGPU should be allowed to mobilize these 800 comrades, first of all, at the expense of old security officers from the reserve. In addition, to increase the composition of the OGPU troops by 1,100 bayonets and sabers (for the current budget year). RVSR to transfer the appropriate number of personnel to the OGPU.
4 . To propose to the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, within three days, to consider the estimate of the necessary costs associated with the implementation of these measures, estimates for the costs of evicting kulaks to remote areas and estimates for the organization of new additional camps in Siberia and the Northern Territory. OGPU - to submit these estimates.
5 . Instruct NKPS'u and OGPU within 5 days to develop a plan for the necessary rail transportation .
6 . Instruct the NKTrud and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions and, at the same time, the Supreme Council of the National Economy and the People's Commissariat for Trade Unions to take immediate measures to cleanse industrial enterprises in cities from individual kulak elements (preventing any general campaign of purging at the enterprises), and also to take strict measures to further prevent such elements from entering production.
7 . To oblige the party committees (especially Moscow, Leningrad, Kharkov and Kiev), the OGPU and the People's Commissariat of the Union republics to take more decisive measures in the struggle in universities and high schools with counter-revolutionary youth groups associated with kulak elements in the countryside.
8 . It is urgent to revise the legislation on religious associations in the spirit of completely excluding any possibility of turning the governing bodies of these associations (church councils, sectarian communities, etc.) into strongholds of the kulaks, deprivation and anti-Soviet elements in general.
Instruct the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee to issue a directive on the closure of churches , prayer houses of sectarians, etc. and on the fight against the religious and sectarian movement, in order to remove the brakes in the Soviet apparatus that hinder the implementation of the decisions made by the overwhelming mass of the peasantry to close churches, houses of prayer of sectarians, etc. backward national areas.
9 . Legislative changes arising from this resolution instruct the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR to issue within 5 days so that they are put into effect by the regional executive committees and the governments of national republics in areas of continuous collectivization immediately , and in the rest - depending on the pace of development of continuous collectivization in these areas.
10 . Urgently (within 3 days) to issue an unpublished decree on the widespread (and not only in areas of complete collectivization):
a) prohibiting the free relocation of kulaks from their places of residence without the permission of the district executive committees under the threat of immediate confiscation of all property;
b) prohibiting the sale by fists of their property and equipment under the threat of confiscation and other reprisals.
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