How Vietnam copes with globalization
Since the beginning of the new century, Vietnam has responded to the many challenges brought about by globalization with a positive attitude, and has adopted effective practices in politics, economy, society, culture and diplomacy, seizing the development opportunities brought about by globalization, avoiding and responding to the risks arising from globalization, and forming a unique path to respond to globalization.
Politically, Vietnam has firmly marched towards democratization. Democratization is Vietnam's primary political strategy to cope with globalization. Since the new century, facing the threat of "peaceful evolution" from the West and the call for political reform in the country, Vietnam's political reform has firmly marched towards democratization on the basis of adhering to the Communist Party's rule and the socialist direction. In 2001, the report of the Ninth Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam added the word "democracy" for the first time in Vietnam's socialist struggle goals. The main path of Vietnam's democratization construction is to promote the real office of the National Assembly by expanding the responsibilities of the National Assembly and the real office of the representatives of the National Assembly, continue to promote direct elections and competitive elections, strive to promote the participation of the public in political life, promote dialogue between politicians and the public, etc., so as to effectively enhance the people's right to be masters of their own country, increase the ways for the people to participate in politics, and strengthen the connection between the ruling party, parliamentary representatives and the people. At the same time, the ruling party has strengthened its own construction, actively fought corruption, and made substantial progress in political system reform.
In terms of economy, various policies have been introduced to encourage R&D and improve the international competitiveness of industries . In 2010, Vietnam issued the Decision on Provisions on Foreign Investment and Cooperation in Science and Technology, encouraging foreign organizations and individuals to invest in research in natural sciences or emerging science and technology fields in Vietnam, cultivate scientific and technological talents, develop high-tech enterprises, and engage in scientific and technological services. A number of technology parks aimed at cultivating high-tech enterprises, such as the Lego Technology Park, Da Nang High-Tech Park, and Viet Chiao Technology Park, have begun construction or have been put into operation. In addition, in response to the problem of foreign trade deficit, Vietnam has introduced a series of policies to reduce imports and expand domestic demand, such as strict control of the import of luxury goods, the "Vietnamese people give priority to using Vietnamese goods" campaign, and the commodity going to the countryside campaign. At the same time, supervision of financial markets and state-owned assets has also been strengthened.
In terms of society, measures have been taken to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor, ease social conflicts, and increase environmental protection . The polarization between the rich and the poor and the destruction of the ecological environment are the main negative impacts of globalization on Vietnam in terms of society. To this end, the Vietnamese government proposed that "economic growth must be linked to social progress and fairness at every stage and throughout the development process", "encourage legal wealth, actively eliminate hunger and reduce poverty, and gradually narrow the gap in development and living standards between residents of different regions, ethnic groups, and classes", and take measures to alleviate poverty, protect labor rights and wages, support the economic and social development of ethnic minority areas, and protect the environment, in an effort to minimize the negative impact of globalization. In 2011, the Vietnamese government used 20% of its annual fiscal budget to protect people's livelihood. In line with the World Bank's global poverty reduction concerns, Vietnam has launched a "hunger elimination and poverty reduction" campaign across the country, developed social charity poverty alleviation work, and promoted economic development in backward areas. Vietnam's poverty alleviation work has achieved remarkable results, which the United Nations fully affirmed, believing that Vietnam has completed the poverty alleviation target originally scheduled for 2015 10 years ahead of schedule, and is one of the countries in the world that has reduced poverty and eliminated hunger the fastest. In terms of environmental protection, Vietnam attaches equal importance to the protection of the natural ecological environment and economic development, and seeks sustainable development.
In terms of culture, we should protect and promote national culture, strengthen cultural ties with the outside world, and improve education . National culture is the primary tool for countries to consolidate national identity, strengthen national cultural confidence and cohesion in the context of globalization. As an oriental country with a strong national cultural atmosphere, the protection and promotion of the country's material and intangible culture is an important part of Vietnam's cultural work. In recent years, Vietnam has invested in the renovation of a number of large historical and cultural relics, promoted the construction of various ethnic cultural tourism villages, held a variety of ethnic cultural festivals, and carried out a series of cultural activities with ethnic characteristics to inherit and promote the cultural heritage of the nation. In order to strengthen cultural ties with the outside world, Vietnam actively carries out exchanges with various countries in literature, film, sports and other fields, and has established some Vietnamese cultural centers abroad to expand the influence of Vietnamese culture.
Human resources are the foundation for participating in global competition and building socialism. Vietnam is committed to improving education, focusing on improving the quality of education, developing professional and vocational education, and promoting the connection between the education sector and the employment market to match the country's industrialization and modernization process and meet the new structural needs of the labor force. At the same time, in response to the moral decline caused by economic reform, the Vietnamese government has focused on improving the patriotic enthusiasm, moral quality and sense of responsibility of the younger generation, prompting them to become a new type of youth who have good professional skills, can integrate into the international economy, are loyal to the revolutionary cause, and can build and defend the country, so as to shape successors with both moral integrity and ability.
In terms of diplomacy, Vietnam has adopted proactive strategies to expand its influence and created a good external environment for its economic development . Since the beginning of the new century, Vietnam has continued the diplomatic strategy of "making more friends and fewer enemies" since the reform and opening up in 1986, implemented the diplomatic line of independence, autonomy, peace, cooperation and development, actively participated in international affairs, assumed international roles, and achieved outstanding development in bilateral relations, multilateral relations, economic diplomacy and other foreign affairs. It has maintained good interaction and cooperation with East Asian countries. While integrating into the region, Vietnam is also actively going out to the world. In 2004, Vietnam hosted the fifth Asia-Europe Summit. On the world political stage of the United Nations, Vietnam is also playing an increasingly important role. In July 2008, Vietnam served as the rotating president of the Security Council and presided over the drafting of the annual report of the Security Council from July 31, 2007 to July 31, 2008. In 2009, Vietnam served as the coordinator of the annual Security Council's Non-Aligned Group, the rotating president of the first round of the annual Security Council Disarmament Conference, and once again served as the rotating president of the United Nations Security Council. In addition, Vietnam not only pays attention to international exchanges at the national level, but also encourages international exchanges at the individual level, and has an increasingly tolerant and supportive attitude towards Vietnamese people going out into the world. Since 2007, visa exemption has been implemented for overseas Vietnamese to return to the country, encouraging overseas Vietnamese to return to invest and live in the country, and encouraging outstanding overseas talents to return to the country. In 2008, the Nationality Law Amendment was passed, allowing a certain number of citizens to hold dual nationality as an exception.
Since the beginning of the new century, Vietnam's proactive diplomatic strategy has achieved remarkable results, enhancing Vietnam's international status and influence, winning a large amount of foreign investment, aid, tourists and a huge commodity market, creating a good external environment for its economic development. More importantly, Vietnam has successfully changed its status as a marginal country and integrated into the world system.
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