LENIN, STALIN ON THE CHARACTER OF OUR EPOCH
The "8 NENTORI" Publishing House -
Tirana, 1982
The
present collection comprises parts of V. I. Lenin's and J. V. Stalin's works
which dwell on the character of our epoch and the strategy and tactics of the
revolution.
In
these works, the fundamental problems of our times, the major questions
concerning the world revolutionary Liberation movement, are subjected to a
penetrating dialectical analysis.
The
works included in this collection follow in chronological order.
In
V. I. Lenin's works of the first revolutionary period "What the 'Friends
of the Peoples' Are and How They Fight the Socuil-Demoerais", "What
Is to Be Done?" etc., a series of programmatic theses and tasks in the
revolutionary struggle of the Russian proletariat, are formulated. In his work
"Two Tactics of Social- Democracy in the Democratic Revolution" Lenin
ideologically smashed the petty-bourgeois tactical platform of Mensheviks and
international opportunism, provided arguments of genius for the Bolshevik
tactics, worked out the tactical fundamentals of the Marxist party of the new
type, armed the working class for the further development of the revolution and
laid the foundations of the revolutionary tactics.
Of
particular significance are the works "Two Worlds" and "Differences
in the European Working Class Movement" which constitute an exposure of
opportunism in the European working-class movement and the traitorous policy of
the leaders of the Second International. A series of writings as e.g. "The
Position and the Tasks of the Socialist International", "The War and
the Russian Social-Democracy" etc., are dedicated to the struggle of
Bolshevism against opportunism in the Russian and international working-class
movement against Trotskyite Liquidators, Socialist-Revolutionaries and the
opportunists of the Second International. In the work "The Right of
Nations to Self-Determination" the author provided argument for and
developed the Bolshevik programme of the national question, expounding on the
concrete historical way of how this question should be treated.
In
a number of works written in the period 1914- 1915, as e.g. "Socialism and
War" etc., V. I. Lenin raised the banner of struggle against imperialist
war and internationa1 social-chauvinism, laid the foundations of the theory and
tactics of the Bolshevik Party on the question of war, peace and the
revolution.
In
the article "Opportunism, and the Collapse of the Second
International", V. I. Lenin tears the mask of apostasy and of the betrayal
by the opportunist leaders of the Second International and the West- European
socialist parties, and defines the tasks and tactics of the revolutionary
Social-Democracy in the struggle against international opportunism.
In
his work "Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism" V. I. Lenin
propounds his ideas of genius on imperialism as the highest and last stage of
the development of capitalism; as monopoly parasitic and senile capitalism, as
moribund capitalism, as an unprecedented increase of exploitation, oppression
and reaction in all the fields and as the eve of the proletarian revolution. On
the basis of this analysis Lenin formulates a new theoretical thesis on the
possibility of the triumph of socialism first in one capitalist country, and on
the impossibility of its triumph in all countries simultaneously.
In
the article "A Caricature of Marxism and Imperialist Economism" V. I.
Lenin criticizes the anti- Marxist attitude of the anti-party Bukharin-Pyatakov
group and explains the Bolshevik programme on the national question in the new
historical conditions.
In
the work "The State and Revolution", V. I. Lenin developed and
defended the Marxist theory of the state against distortion and vulgarization
by the opportunists, while
in the work "The Proletarian Revolution and Renegade Kautsky"
denounces the opportunism and obsequiousness of Kautsky and other leaders of
the Second International towards the imperialists.
In
the work "Left- Wing Communism - an Infantile Disorder" V. I. Lenin
showed that international opportunism is the chief enemy within the working
class movement and stigmatized the leaders of the Second International as
collaborators of imperialist banditism.
Treating the character of our epoch in his
work "Two Camps" J. V. Stalin says:
«The
world has definitely and irrevocably split into two camps: the camp of
imperialism and the camp of socialism. The struggle between these two camps constitutes
the hub of present-day affairs, determines of whole substance of the present
home and foreign policies of the leaders of the old and the new worlds. »
J.
V. Stalin's major work "The Foundations of Leninism" is dedicated to
the theoretical argumentation of Leninism as the further development of Marxism
of the epoch of imperialism and proletarian revolutions.
It
played a very important role in the struggle of the Party against Trotskyists
and all other enemies of Bolshevism.
In
"Political Report of the Central Committee, (The Fourteenth Congress of
the CPSU(b), in The International Situation and the Tasks of the Communist
Parties" and in other works, the author proves with all-round argument the
soundness of the general line of the Bolshevik Party and denounces the
defeatist attitude of Trotskyists and Zinovievists who advocated the
restoration of capitalism.
In
the works "Concerning Questions of Leninism" and in other works J. V.
Stalin upholds the decisions of the Fourteenth Congress of the CPSU (b),
exposes the malicious distortions by Zinoviev - Kamenev group, discloses the
attempts of New Opposition to arouse in the Party the feeling of mistrust in
the triumph of socialism in the USSR and their attempts to substitute
Trotskyism for Leninism. J. V. Stalin lays special emphasis on the absolute
necessity of preserving and strengthening the organs of the dictatorship of the
proletariat in the conditions of the existing capitalist encirclement and the
danger of intervention.
In
his writing "Notes on Contemporary Themes" and in other works J. V.
Stalin, besides other problems lays stress on the unity and indivisibility of
the national and international tasks of the socialist revolution; he defines
the line of the party in the field of foreign policy in the conditions of the
threat of a new aggression against USSR and sets the new tasks for strengthening
the defence potential of the Soviet Union.
In
the political reports to the Sixteenth, Seventeenth and Eighteenth Congresses
of the CPSU (b) J. V. Stalin- makes a detailed analysis of the economic crisis
of world capitalism and points out the exacerbation of contradictions in the
capitalist system and indicates the superiority of the socialist system over
the capitalist system. J. V. Stalin treats the aggravation of the political
situation in the capitalist countries, the relations among these countries, as
well as the preparations for a new world war by the imperialists.
The
teachings of V. I. Lenin and J. V. Stalin on the character of our epoch and on
the revolutionary strategy and tactics are valid even in our days. The
present-day capitalist society is developed according to the same objective
laws which Marx, Engels, Lenin, and Stalin have discovered.
«Properly
applied, » as Comrade Enver Hoxha has put it, «Marxism-Leninism and its
immortal principles will inevitably bring about the destruction of world
capitalism and the triumph of the dictatorship of the proletariat, by means of
which the working class will build socialism and march towards communism. »
CONTENTS
LENIN
WHAT
THE "FRIENDS OF THE PEOPLE" ARE AND HOW THEY FIGHT THE SOCIAL DEMOCRATS
WHAT
IS TO BE DONE?
TWO
TACTICS OF SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY IN THE DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION
THE
PROLETARIAT AND THE PEASANTRY
LESSONS
OF THE COMMUNE
EVENTS
IN THE BALKANS AND IN PERSIA
TWO
WORLDS
DIFFERENCES
IN THE EUROPEAN LABOUR MOVEMENT
THE
RIGHT OF NATIONS TO SELF-DETERMINATION
2.
The historically concrete presentation of the question
REPORT
OF THE C.C. OF THE R.S.D.L.P. TO THE BRUSSELS CONFERENCE AND INSTRUCTIONS TO
THE C.C. DELEGATION
THE
WAR AND RUSSIAN SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY
THE
POSITION AND TASKS OF SOCIALIST INTERNATIONAL
KARL MARX
The
class struggle
Tactics
of the struggle of the proletariat
SOCIALISM AND WAR
The
war of today is an imperialist war.
"War
is the continuation of politics by other" (i.e. violent) "means"
The
case of Belgium
What
social-chauvinism is
The
Basle Manifesto
False
references to Marx and Engels
The
collapse of the Second International
Social-chauvinism
is the acme of opportunism
Unity
with the opportunists means an alliance between the workers and their
"own" national bourgeoisie, and splitting the international
revolutionary working class
The
Marxists' slogan of revolutionary social-democracy
The
example set by fraternization in the trenches
The
importance of an underground organization
On
the defeat of one's «own» government in the imperialist war
Pacifism
and the peace slogan
The
right of nations to self-determination
ON
THE SLOGAN FOR A UNITED STATES OF EUROPE
OPPORTUNISM
AND THE COLLAPSE OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL
THE
SOCIALIST REVOLUTION AND THE RIGHT OF NATIONS TO SELF-DETERMINATION
1.
Imperialism, socialism and liberation of the oppressed nations
IMPERIALISM
-THE HIGHEST STAGE OF CAPITALISM
V. Division of the world among
capitalist associations
VI. Division of the world among
the great powers
VII. Imperialism, as a special
stage of capitalism
VIII. Parasitism and decay of
capitalism
IX. Critique of imperialism
The place of imperialism in
history
THE DISCUSSION ON SELF-DETERMINATION SUMMED UP
4. For or against annexations?
10. The Irish rebellion of 1916
A
CARICATURE OF MARXISM AND IMPERIALIST ECONOMISM
2. Our understanding of the new
era
3. What is economic analysis?
5. Monism and dualism
THE
MILITARY PROGRAMME OF THE PROLETARIAN REVOLUTION
THE
"DISARMAMENT" SLOGAN
IMPERIALISM
AND THE SPLIT IN SOCIALISM
THE
STATE AND REVOLUTION
THE
PROLETARIAN REVOLUTION AND THE RENEGADE KAUTSKY
THE
CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY ELECTION AND THE DICTATORSHIP OF THE PROLETARIAT
"LEFT-WING"
COMMUNISM - AN INFANTILE DISORDER
II. An essential condition of the
Bolsheviks' success
XIII. No compromises?
X. Several conclusions
TO
INESSA ARMAND
TO
INESSA ARMAND
STALIN
THE
OCTOBER REVOLUTION AND THE NATIONAL QUESTION
III.
The world-wide significance of the October Revolution
TWO CAMPS
CONCERNING
THE QUESTION OF STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF THE RUSSIAN COMMUNISTS
I. Preliminary concepts
1. Two aspects of the working-class
movement
2. The theory and programme of
Marxism
3. Strategy
4. Tactics
II. The strategic plans
1. Historic turns. Strategic
plans
2. The first historic turn and
the course towards the bourgeois democratic revolution in Russia
3. The second historic turn and
the course towards the dictatorship of the proletariat in Russia
4. The third historic turn and
the course towards the proletarian revolution in Europe
NATIONAL
FACTOR IN PARTY AND STATE AFFAIRS
THE FOUNDATIONS OF LENINISM
VII. Strategy and tactics
THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION AND THE TACTICS OF THE
RUSSIAN COMMUNISTS
1. The external and internal setting
for the October Revolution
II. Two specific features of the
October Revolution - or October and Trotsky's theory of "permanent"
revolution
III. Certain specific features of
the tactics of the Bolsheviks during the period of preparation for October
IV. The October Revolution is the
beginning of and pre-condition for the world revolution
THE
INTERNATIONAL SITUATION AND THE TASKS OF THE COMMUNIST PARTIES
POLITICAL
REPORT OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE
1. The stabilization of
capitalism
2. Imperialism, colonies and
semi-colonies
3. Victors and vanquished
4. The contradictions between the
victor countries
5. The capitalist world and the
Soviet Union
CONCERNING
THE QUESTION OF LENINISM
I. The definition of Leninism
II. The main thing in Leninism
REPLY
TO THE DISCUSSION ON THE REPORT ON THE SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC DEVIATION IN OUR PARTY
NOTES ON THE CONTEMPORARY THEMES
1. The threat of war
RESULTS
OF THE JULY PLENUM OF THE C.C., C.P.S.U.(B.)
I. The Comintern
1. Major problems of the Sixth
Congress of the Comintern
POLITICAL
REPORT OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE SIXTEENTH CONRESS OF THE C.P.S.U.(B.)
1. The world economic crisis
2. The Intensification of the
contradictions of capitalism
3. The relation between the
U.S.S.R. and the capitalist states
REPORT
TO THE SEVENTEENTH PARTY CONGRESS ON THE WORK OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE
C.P.S.U.(B.)
1 The course of the economic
crisis in the capitalist countries
2. The growing tension in the
political situation of the capitalist countries
REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE TO
THE EIGHTEENTH CONGRESS OF THE C.P.S.U.(B.)
1.
New economic crises in the capitalist countries. Intensification of the
struggle for markets and sources of raw materials, and for a new redivision of
the world
.jpg)
