On improving the organization of the training and use of personnel

A source: http://sovdoc.rusarchives.ru

Archive: RGASPI. F. 17. Op. 3.D. 925.L. 36-43.

Appendix No. 6 to p. 17 ave. PB No. 140.

On improving the organization of the training and use of personnel (for higher educational institutions, technical schools and factory teachers).

Resolution of the Politburo of the CPSU (b) from 1. VII.1933 city

I. On technical colleges and technical schools.

The Central Committee of the VKP (b) states that as a result of the implementation of the decisions of the November plenum of the Central Committee of the VKP (b) (1929) during the first five-year plan, the network of higher and secondary educational institutions of the USSR and the contingents of students in them (now about 500 thousand are studying in Higher educational institutions and universities and 942 thousand in technical schools). Since 1929, higher educational institutions, universities and technical schools have trained a huge number of young specialists for the needs of the national economy (172,000 with higher qualifications and 308,000 with secondary qualifications).

Already, at many of the largest enterprises of the Union, young specialists produced in 1929-32 make up a significant majority (the Stalin automobile plant - 60%, Rosselmash - 63%, the Saratov combine plant - 70%, etc.), and such new industries , like aluminum, synthetic rubber and others, are almost entirely staffed by young specialists. These young specialists showed their best side in the production, actively participating in its establishment. Many of them in production have grown into leading specialists, whose merits have been noted more than once by leading economic organizations and the government.

However, despite this growth in the training of new cadres of young proletarian specialists and their increased role in production, there is still an acute need for specialists directly at factories, in mines, in a workshop, at a unit, etc.

The Central Committee believes that this urgent need for specialists in production would be significantly weakened provided the correct use of young specialists, a significant part of whom, after graduating from educational institutions, do not go to production.

So, according to a random check of only a few central institutions - the People's Commissariat for Tyazhprom, the People's Commissariat for Legislation and the People's Commissariat for Forestry, it was established that they employ more than 300 specialists who have not been in production either before or after graduating from VTUZ. According to the People's Commissariat of the USSR, out of the total number of graduates in 1932, 1,266 people were stuck in administrative offices, almost 500 people. In the leather industry from the release of 1932 to 1.765 people. only 11% of engineers and technicians were sent directly to workshops.

There are many cases when young good specialists graduating from higher technical educational institutions, eager for production, are erected all sorts of obstacles and they are forced to work in administrative offices.

The Central Committee believes that all this is a consequence of the completely unsatisfactory work of the people's commissariats, associations and trusts in the distribution of young specialists.

People sitting in this job often do not understand the interests of production, do not see the most ambitious technical shifts in a workshop equipped with the latest and most sophisticated machines, requiring highly qualified technical management and supervision. Thanks to this, they overlooked the new foreman in the conditions of a modern valuable assistant, the head of a section in the mine, considering it “inconvenient” to appoint an engineer to this job and looking for a job with a “higher rank”.

At the same time, the Central Committee notes that a significant part of young specialists are not fighting to get a job in production. Many of them do not feel any responsibility towards the state, which has spent enormous funds on their studies and created conditions for their studies that have no equal in the world.

After graduating from an educational institution, these young specialists break away from production, their further growth and professional development is delayed, they turn into ordinary officials, and often become completely dequalified.

These harmful sentiments of the most backward part of young specialists, who consider work directly in production as "grassroots", are often connived by the heads of institutions who detain young specialists in the offices, based on personal convenience, to have a competent person at hand who can write a certificate.

The Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) also considers it completely abnormal that a large number of young people study for 12-15 years, moving from the FZU to the workers' faculty and to the technical school, from there to the university, from the university to graduate school, without being a single day at work. Moving from one educational institution to another, these people turn into a kind of "eternal students" and completely break away from the rapidly developing socialist construction project, from the heroic struggle of the proletariat and millions of collective farmers for the victory of socialism.

The Central Committee of the CPSU (b) decides:

1 . All young specialists who graduate from universities, technical colleges and technical schools, as trained at the expense of the state, are obliged to work for 5 years at certain points in production at the direction of the people's commissariats in charge of the educational institutions.

It is forbidden for the people's commissariats and institutions that run universities, technical colleges and technical schools to leave young specialists graduating from their studies at work in the management apparatus.

All those who graduate from higher to secondary educational institutions must necessarily go through the school of the lower administrative and technical personnel (foreman, apprentice, shift engineer, etc.) and for this purpose they must be sent to work directly in production in their specialty in workshops, sections, depots , stations, state farms, collective farms, medical stations, etc. as ordinary specialists.

To categorically prohibit the use of young specialists not in the specialties for which they were trained in educational institutions.

Any unauthorized employment after graduation and non-arrival at the place of work in accordance with the order issued by the People's Commissariat of Education should be considered as a violation of the law, and the perpetrators brought to justice.

2 . The distribution of all graduating young specialists is carried out by the people's commissariats, which are in charge and subordination of educational institutions. To oblige the People's Commissars to organize the matter of distribution in such a way that a year before graduation, the student knows which enterprise he will be sent to and that his pre-diploma practice and thesis project are necessarily linked to the nature of his future work.

To prohibit admitting to universities and technical colleges who graduate from technical schools if they do not have five years of work experience in production. Allow, as an exception, for the most capable students from each technical school no more than 5% to admission to universities and technical colleges on competitive tests.

In view of the fact that the existing practice of recruiting postgraduate studies leads to the settling in educational institutions and research institutes of a significant number of young specialists who have just graduated from their studies, to propose the streamlining this matter so that, first of all, the interests of production are ensured.

3 . Suggest to the people's commissariats to send to enterprises for work in their specialty for a period of at least 5 years all young specialists working in the administrative apparatus (people's commissariats, central administrations, associations, trusts) who have graduated from higher and secondary educational institutions within the last 5 years and after graduation they were not in production or were less than 3 years old.

To establish that 50% of the number of young specialists sent to enterprises should be transferred by October 1, 1933, and the rest by January 1, 1934.

In addition, to propose to all people's commissariats within a month to review the entire composition of graduate students and send those of them who did not show themselves in graduate school to the production.

To establish that specialists who are expelled from graduate school and working in the management apparatus, who do not switch to production within the period specified by them, are brought to justice.

To oblige the People's Commissariats to arrange all the work on transferring specialists working in administrative offices and in graduate school to enterprises in such a way as to ensure a careful approach to each transferred separately and create the most favorable conditions for its further growth in production.

4 . Suggest all directors of enterprises and factory party organizations to start preparing for the reception of specialists, their placement in production, the provision of apartments, etc.

To oblige the directors of enterprises to provide young specialists with the most favorable conditions for their work at the enterprise by organizing assistance for them to master production from the side of old specialists, supplying technical literature or organizing libraries, consultation, etc.

5 . In order to promote the most trained, experienced and talented engineers, technicians and administrators to command technical positions in various production areas (foreman, shop manager, assistant shop manager, mine manager, etc.), it is necessary to establish that an appointment to each such vacant position is made by preliminary screening of the relevant candidates, carried out by a special certification and testing commission, established at each enterprise under the direct supervision of the director. All specialists with higher and secondary education, as well as practitioners are invited to participate in the competition.

To propose to the People's Commissariats, within a 2-month period, to develop and submit for approval by the USSR Council of People's Commissars the procedure for holding a competition, the amount of knowledge and requirements for each head of a particular sector in production.

II. In the schools of factory apprenticeship.

The gigantic growth of socialist industry, the creation of a whole series of completely new industries and the reconstruction of old enterprises on the basis of the latest technology, required an enormous amount of skilled labor.

Along with the involvement of a huge number of new workers in production, all conditions have been created for their training and advanced training through a wide network of various courses and schools, which trained several million new workers in the first five-year plan.

A decisive place in this training of skilled workers belonged to the schools of factory apprenticeships, which have trained over half a million skilled workers for industry and transport over the past five years. During the first five-year period, the network of FZU schools grew from 1,000 to 3,000 schools; the number of students from 178,000 to 1,000,000. Over the past 3 years, 500 new schools of FZU have been built, in the construction of which the state has invested over 250 million rubles. Schools have a park of 10 thousand machines, of which 1,000 are imported.

However, these major gains in training young workers are being diminished by serious shortcomings in FZU schools.

The main disadvantage of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) is that those who graduate from FZU are not fixed in production, and a significant part of the factory teachers, bypassing production, goes to workers' faculties, technical schools and technical colleges (according to rough estimates, over 20% of the 1932 graduation).

This disadvantage was a consequence of the fact that the terms of study were too long and the same for different specialties (on average 2 years), and often during the same timeframe workers were trained in FZU schools who did not require school training at all (for example: a driller and a turner- the instrumentalist was trained at the same time, while school training is absolutely not needed for the first).

In accordance with the incorrectly set terms of study, the curricula and programs of schools of FZU were perverted and were not adapted to the preparation of a specific specialty. So, in the unified curriculum of theoretical education of schools of FZU for all specialties from 1.920 hours - only 330 hours were allocated for the study of a special case.

To the detriment of the main specialty, a significant part of the time from industrial training was devoted to related ones (training of a turner - ⅓ of the time, training of a blacksmith - out of 480 days - 112 days). Education in the main specialty is overloaded with a significant number of unnecessary operations.

All these shortcomings absorbed a significant part of the positive aspects of FZU schools, which, if they worked correctly, could become an even more serious reservoir for replenishing the missing qualified labor force for the industry.

The blame for these shortcomings, first of all, lies with the people's commissariats and economic bodies, which did not wage a decisive struggle against them, despite the fact that they are most interested in the work of schools of FZU.

At the same time, the Komsomol, which played a positive role in the overall growth of the factory teacher, with all its attentive attitude to this organization, was also fond of quantitative achievements and weakly fought against shortcomings, despite the fact that among the factory teachers there were healthy sentiments for accelerating learning in FZU schools. and the transition to production.

The Central Committee believes that in the present conditions, when industry and transport continue to desperately need qualified workers, it is necessary to radically restructure the schools of FZU in the direction of transforming them into sharply expressed professional schools.

Factory apprenticeship schools should prepare exclusively for the production in a short time skilled workers of mass qualifications, possessing the basics of their specialty, so that further training should take place in the process of a young worker in production.

This is all the more feasible given the increased cultural level of the working class, the introduction of a seven-year universal primary polytechnic education in the main industrial centers and a widespread network of vocational education.

In accordance with this, the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) decides:

1 . Stop the practice of transferring from FZU to educational institutions (technical schools and technical colleges).

To establish that everyone who graduated from the school of FZU is obliged, at the direction of this economic organization, to work in production for at least 3 years in his specialty.

The distribution of those admitted to FZU schools according to specialties should be assigned to the directors of enterprises, who should send the best of adolescents to more qualified specialties.

2 . To reduce the period of study in schools from 2 years to six months for the training of workers in mass specialties in order to allow a one-year period of study for individual, most qualified groups of workers.

To approve, in the main, the list of specialties presented by the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions, together with the economic commissariats and the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, with the terms of study established for them.

The final approval of the submitted list shall be entrusted to the commercial register together with the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions and with the participation of the Central Committee of the Komsomol within a month.

For students of FZU schools of previous admissions, preparing for specialties, the period of study of which has been reduced and who did not have time to complete the course of study by the time of this decree, set the following deadlines for graduating from FZU schools: for specialties to be taught within 6 months - after 3 months and for specialties, subject to training within 1 year - after 6 months.

3 . To propose to all People's Commissariats by September 15, 1933 to restructure all programs and curricula of schools of FZU in such a way that 80% of the entire study time is devoted to the direct teaching of the student at the machine in his specialty, and the rest - to theoretical teaching directly related to the studied production qualifications.

To exclude from the curricula and curricula of FZU schools the study of related production work that is not related to this specialty and to reduce the number of operations in his specialty studied by the factory teacher in order to ensure that each student has a solid mastery of professional skills in the basic and most important operations of his specialty.

Political studies of pupils of FZU schools should be carried out by organizations of the Komsomol in the manner of public work in circles, without including it in the curriculum.

4 . To stop training in schools of FZU workers of such specialties that do not require special school training (riveters, drillers, leaf makers, etc.), as well as such specialties that require very long special training and a lot of practical experience (machine and machine tool adjusters, machinists turbine engines, laboratory chemists, mine tunnellers, apprentices in all workshops of the cotton industry, etc.).

5 . To stop the elements of a spontaneous flow that take place in the practice of admission to FZU, when the recruitment of schools takes on the character of mass recruitment indiscriminately.

Admission to the F3U school should be carried out from among the most diligent, disciplined, striving for work in the production of children of workers, employees and collective farmers and, first of all, the shock workers of this enterprise, who mainly graduated from the seven-year period. Students in FZU schools are accepted at the age of at least 15-16 years.

Suggest to the People's Commissariats, together with the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions, the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League and the State Planning Committee, within a month, to set the number of admissions to schools in FZU for 1933.

6 . FZU schools are an integral part of the plant, factory and are directly subordinate to the director of the plant (and in transport to the director of the road), which, however, does not exclude the possibility of transferring part of the output to other enterprises by the People's Commissariat or the economic association.

The plant management is responsible for all the work of the FZU school (setting up industrial and theoretical training, organizing cultural and living conditions and supplying students). The People's Commissariat retains methodological guidance, the development of programs, monitoring their implementation, as well as the definition of an admission plan and planned financing of schools in FZU.

The trust and association control and are responsible for the FZU as much as they are responsible for one of the constituent parts of the enterprise.

7 . Establish that the best, most diligent and capable students who have mastered the necessary production skills ahead of schedule and produce products according to the hourly rates of an adult worker should be paid according to the general working salary grid according to the category of work they perform.

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The Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) notes that young workers who graduated from schools of FZU, working under the direct leadership of the Komsomol in factories and plants, in their bulk are among the best shock workers, advanced fighters for socialist production.

The reorganization of FZU schools and a reduction in the duration of education should lead to an even greater strengthening of the work of the Komsomol in FZU schools. Komsomol organizations must radically restructure all political and educational work among factory teachers, transferring its center of gravity directly to the places of industrial training, improving the attitude of each factory teacher to production, to his specialty, to the machine tool, instilling in students a socialist attitude to work, educating in each of them desire to become a cadre worker in socialist industry.

The Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) is confident that after graduation from the FZU the factory teachers will continue to be the foremost shock workers of socialist factories, remembering firmly that work at a socialist enterprise is a "matter of honor and valor" for every young proletarian in our country.